{"id":1462,"date":"2024-06-27T18:20:27","date_gmt":"2024-06-27T22:20:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/pollocklab\/?p=1462"},"modified":"2024-06-27T18:32:57","modified_gmt":"2024-06-27T22:32:57","slug":"using-protein-chemistry-to-better-understand-bleeding-disorders","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/create.richmond.edu\/pollocklab\/2024\/06\/27\/using-protein-chemistry-to-better-understand-bleeding-disorders\/","title":{"rendered":"Using Protein Chemistry to Better Understand Bleeding Disorders"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section bb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; next_background_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243;][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.23.1&#8243; background_pattern_color=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0.2)&#8221; background_mask_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; text_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; 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header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_vertical_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_blur_tablet=&#8221;40px&#8221; box_shadow_spread_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; vertical_offset_tablet=&#8221;0&#8243; horizontal_offset_tablet=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index_tablet=&#8221;0&#8243; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><strong>How is your body able to control bleeding?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>When there is some sort of trauma to a blood vessel that results in bleeding, the body\u2019s normal mechanism to form a blood clot kicks into action. Platelets, a type of blood cell, reach the area in need of a clot and form a \u201cplug,\u201d where they release substances from their granules to activate clotting factor proteins. One such protein, fibrin, helps to stabilize the overall clot and prevent excessive bleeding from the injury (<a href=\"https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/symptoms\/21999-hemostasis\">1<\/a>). In a person diagnosed with a bleeding disorder, some aspect of the clot formation process is abnormal or disrupted.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image _builder_version=&#8221;4.23.1&#8243; src=&#8221;https:\/\/create.richmond.edu\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2024\/06\/BlogPost.png&#8221; background_pattern_color=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0.2)&#8221; background_mask_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_vertical_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_blur_tablet=&#8221;40px&#8221; box_shadow_spread_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; vertical_offset_tablet=&#8221;0&#8243; horizontal_offset_tablet=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index_tablet=&#8221;0&#8243; \/][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.23.1&#8243; background_pattern_color=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0.2)&#8221; background_mask_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; text_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; 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header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_vertical_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_blur_tablet=&#8221;40px&#8221; box_shadow_spread_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; vertical_offset_tablet=&#8221;0&#8243; horizontal_offset_tablet=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index_tablet=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p><b>What is a bleeding disorder?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">When people hear the term \u201cbleeding disorders,\u201d hemophilia is what usually comes to mind. In most general biology courses, we learn that hemophilia is an X-linked condition in which the blood is unable to clot properly, due to various factor deficiencies. The term \u201cfactor\u201d refers to clotting\/coagulation factors, which are proteins implicated in the formation of blood clots to prevent excessive bleeding (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/14083-hemophilia\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>What are examples of lesser known bleeding disorders?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What many people fail to recognize is that \u201cbleeding disorders\u201d is a categorical term within which several disorders fall, not just hemophilia. Lesser known bleeding disorders include:<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.23.1&#8243; background_pattern_color=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0.2)&#8221; background_mask_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; text_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; text_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; link_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; link_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; link_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; link_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; link_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; 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header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_vertical_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_blur_tablet=&#8221;40px&#8221; box_shadow_spread_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; vertical_offset_tablet=&#8221;0&#8243; horizontal_offset_tablet=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index_tablet=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>von Willebrand&#8217;s disease<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> &#8211; caused by a deficiency or a malfunction in a protein known as von Willebrand\u2019s factor (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/von-willebrand\/about\/index.html#:~:text=Von%20Willebrand%20disease%20(VWD)%20is,the%20most%20common%20bleeding%20disorder.\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">3<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">as well as rare and ultra-rare conditions, such as:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Platelet storage pool disorders<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> including but not limited to &#8211;\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Alpha storage pool deficiency (ASPD) &#8211; <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">caused by either too few or irregular alpha granules in the blood (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/health.ucdavis.edu\/hemophilia\/bleeding-disorders\/platelet-function-disorders.html#:~:text=Delta%20storage%20pool%20deficiency%20is,constrict%20to%20help%20stop%20bleeding.\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">4<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">). <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Alpha granules contain clotting proteins, such as fibrinogen, fibronectin, and thrombospondin (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/neuroscience\/platelet-alpha-granule#:~:text=Platelet%20%CE%B1%20granules%20are%20granules,TGF%2D%CE%B2%2C%20and%20thrombospondin.\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">5<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">). ASPD can also result from reduced protein contents within the alpha granules, as well as from issues in the release of the granule contents to form a clot (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/health.ucdavis.edu\/hemophilia\/bleeding-disorders\/platelet-function-disorders.html#:~:text=Delta%20storage%20pool%20deficiency%20is,constrict%20to%20help%20stop%20bleeding.\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">6<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Glanzmann\u2019s thrombasthenia<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> &#8211; caused by the faulty production of a protein called integrin alpha IIb\/beta 3 (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/glanzmann-thrombasthenia\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">7<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Other factor deficiencies<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> &#8211; caused by deficiencies in factors I, II, V, VII, X, XII, and XIII (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bleeding.org\/bleeding-disorders-a-z\/types\/other-factor-deficiencies\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">8<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.23.1&#8243; 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header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_vertical_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_blur_tablet=&#8221;40px&#8221; box_shadow_spread_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; vertical_offset_tablet=&#8221;0&#8243; horizontal_offset_tablet=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index_tablet=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p><b>Why is understanding these proteins so important?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As these conditions demonstrate, many instances of bleeding disorders are caused by a deficiency in one or more <\/span><b><i>proteins <\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">implicated in blood clotting, thus the tell-tale symptoms of spontaneous nosebleeds, prolonged menstrual and\/or childbirth-related bleeding, frequent bruising, and excessive bleeding following both routine and traumatic injury in diagnosed individuals (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health\/bleeding-disorders\/symptoms\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">9<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">). By better understanding protein interactions within the blood, particularly those implicated in clotting, we are in a better place to treat and diagnose the wide and diverse spectrum of bleeding disorders that exist throughout the population.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>How are bleeding disorders treated?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some treatment options for bleeding disorders include factor replacement therapy, where the deficient or absent factor is given to a patient (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health\/bleeding-disorders\/treatment\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">10<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">). For example, factor VIII or von Willebrand\u2019s factor might be administered via an IV line, but this is of course dependent upon a thorough consultation of an individual\u2019s diagnosis and history with a hematologist. Such treatments represent the immense importance of understanding protein interactions within the blood and how harnessing the power of clotting factors can help patients manage symptoms and prevent bleeds.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Why is biochemical research so important?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Grounding biochemistry research in the realities of patients means contextualizing them as something beyond a particle suspended in a buffer after purification. Rather, they are a vital piece of the puzzle in understanding a given disorder, as well as in researching the under-studied rare disorders of the community. Making strides to treat rare hematological disorders starts at the lab bench.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><b>Paxton Mills<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Major<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Class of 2026<\/b><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.23.1&#8243; background_pattern_color=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0.2)&#8221; background_mask_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; text_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; text_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; link_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; link_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; link_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; link_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; link_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; link_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;ul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; ul_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;ul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ul_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; ul_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;ul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ul_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;ol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; ol_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;ol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ol_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; ol_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;ol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ol_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;quote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; quote_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;quote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; quote_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; quote_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;quote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; quote_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_vertical_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_blur_tablet=&#8221;40px&#8221; box_shadow_spread_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; vertical_offset_tablet=&#8221;0&#8243; horizontal_offset_tablet=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index_tablet=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><b>References<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cHemostasis.\u201d Cleveland Clinic. Available online at https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/symptoms\/21999-hemostasis.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cHemophilia.\u201d Cleveland Clinic. Available online at https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/14083-hemophilia.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cAbout von Willebrand Disease.\u201d Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available online at https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/von-willebrand\/about\/index.html#:~:text=Von%20Willebrand%20disease%20(VWD)%20is,the%20most%20common%20bleeding%20disorder..\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cPlatelet Function Disorders.\u201d UC Davis Health Hemostasis and Thrombosis Center. Available online at https:\/\/health.ucdavis.edu\/hemophilia\/bleeding-disorders\/platelet-function-disorders.html#:~:text=Delta%20storage%20pool%20deficiency%20is,constrict%20to%20help%20stop%20bleeding..\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wahed, A., &amp; Dasgupta, A. (2015). Chapter 15 &#8211; Essentials of Coagulation. In A. Wahed &amp; A. Dasgupta (Eds.), <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hematology and Coagulation: A Comprehensive Review for Board Preparation, Certification and Clinical Practice<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (231-261). Elsevier. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-800241-4.00015-2<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cPlatelet Function Disorders.\u201d UC Davis Health Hemostasis and Thrombosis Center. Available online at https:\/\/health.ucdavis.edu\/hemophilia\/bleeding-disorders\/platelet-function-disorders.html#:~:text=Delta%20storage%20pool%20deficiency%20is,constrict%20to%20help%20stop%20bleeding..\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cGlanzmann Thrombasthenia.\u201d Cleveland Clinic. Available online at https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/glanzmann-thrombasthenia.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cOther Factor Deficiencies.\u201d National Bleeding Disorders Foundation. Available online at https:\/\/www.bleeding.org\/bleeding-disorders-a-z\/types\/other-factor-deficiencies?utm_source=google&amp;utm_medium=cpc&amp;utm_campaign=lead_generation&amp;utm_term=communications&amp;utm_content=rare_bleeding_disorders&amp;gad_source=1&amp;gclid=CjwKCAjw1emzBhB8EiwAHwZZxUS861vAlMwE9-DTWIuynXI_nXS5FB2AgCTD2_b_UwUZID-_Vl_UmhoCBD8QAvD_BwE.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cBleeding Disorders Symptoms.\u201d NIH National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Available online at https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health\/bleeding-disorders\/symptoms.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cBleeding Disorders Treatment.\u201d NIH National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Available online at https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health\/bleeding-disorders\/treatment. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section bb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; fullwidth=&#8221;on&#8221; specialty=&#8221;off&#8221; prev_background_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243;][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"et_pb_row et_pb_row_0 et_pb_row_empty\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div> How is your body able to control bleeding?When there is some sort of trauma to a blood vessel that results in bleeding, the body\u2019s normal mechanism to form a blood clot kicks into action. Platelets, a type of blood cell, reach the area in need of a clot and form a \u201cplug,\u201d where they [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6002,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[795,35898],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1462","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog","category-students"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/create.richmond.edu\/pollocklab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1462","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/create.richmond.edu\/pollocklab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/create.richmond.edu\/pollocklab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/create.richmond.edu\/pollocklab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6002"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/create.richmond.edu\/pollocklab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1462"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/create.richmond.edu\/pollocklab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1462\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1474,"href":"https:\/\/create.richmond.edu\/pollocklab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1462\/revisions\/1474"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/create.richmond.edu\/pollocklab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1462"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/create.richmond.edu\/pollocklab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1462"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/create.richmond.edu\/pollocklab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1462"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}