{"id":467,"date":"2022-07-31T01:02:56","date_gmt":"2022-07-31T05:02:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/urancient\/?page_id=467"},"modified":"2023-02-03T09:49:30","modified_gmt":"2023-02-03T14:49:30","slug":"fragmentary-ibis-amulet","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/create.richmond.edu\/urancient\/fragmentary-ibis-amulet\/","title":{"rendered":"Fragmentary Ibis Amulet"},"content":{"rendered":"
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      \n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/em>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t
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      For a 3D model made by the <\/span>Virtual Curation Lab<\/span><\/a> at Virginia Commonwealth University, see <\/span>https:\/\/skfb.ly\/ors6C<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

      AWG0000.01.01 (R6035)
      \nEgyptian, Late period (727-525 BCE)<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Material: Faience
      \n<\/span>Technique: Self-glazing \u201cefflorescence method\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

      Weight: 4g
      \n<\/span>Dimensions: 2.5cm long, 1cm wide, 1.1cm high
      \n<\/span>Condition: Poor condition - head broken off at the base of the neck and ostrich feather<\/span><\/p>\n

      Provenance: Unknown, said to be from Egypt
      \n<\/span>Source\/donor: Unknown
      \n<\/span>Date of acquisition: Prior to 1979; probably part of the Richmond College Museum collection
      \n<\/span>Other notes: The inventory number beginning with R suggests that it was part of the Richmond College Museum collection. Other R-numbered items were displayed in the Biology Museum in Maryland Hall beginning in 1932<\/span><\/p>\n

      Research by: Madison Phillips, \u201923, Caroline Cobert, \u201912<\/span><\/p>\n

      Detailed description of form\/shape:
      \n<\/strong>A small amulet of a large bird with long legs sitting on a thin, rectangular platform, missing head, neck, beak, and ostrich (or ma\u2019at) feather, which, based on comparanda, would have connected the beak of the bird to the base where a small, circular nub can be seen.<\/p>\n

      Comparanda:
      \n<\/strong>For a similar, complete amulet, see <\/span>      ibis amulet<\/span><\/a> of the same material and style at the Brooklyn Museum. Another example with a more similar foot structure can be found at the <\/span>John-Hopkins Archaeological Museum<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Discussion:
      \n<\/strong>This majestic ibis sits with its legs relaxed underneath its body, sitting low to the ground. Traveling up the figure and to the base of the neck, the body is lightly detailed with feathers and indentations around the legs. The amulet is broken at the base of the bird\u2019s neck, so we are missing its head with a loop at the top of the neck for a cord to be threaded through and, in its beak, an ostrich feather, symbol of truth and the goddess Ma\u2019at. The base of the feather can be seen broken off at the flat bottom of the amulet. This particular amulet likely would have been used during the Late Period, or between 727 to 525 BCE, based on amulets of similar style and composition.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      The Ibis bird was representative of the god Thoth, the god of mathematics, sciences, and magic, and was a messenger and recorder of the deities. As such, he helped funerary deities and was responsible for recording the outcome of the \u201cweighing of the heart\u201d ceremony. In this ceremony, a person\u2019s heart, otherwise known to be their spirit, would be weighed against the ma\u2019at feather of truth. If the scales balanced, the deceased was able to pass into the afterlife; if the heart was heavier, the person could not pass. This amulet may have been placed with the mummified remains of the dead in hopes that it protected and aided them at their final judgment.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      Bibliography:
      \n<\/strong>Andrews, C. 1994. <\/span>Amulets of Ancient Egypt<\/span><\/i>. Austin: University of Texas Press.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u201cHuman before an Ibis Amulet.\u201d Brooklyn Museum. Accessed October 16, 2021. https:\/\/www.brooklynmuseum.org\/opencollection\/objects\/117888<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Riccardelli, Carolyn. 2017. \u201cEgyptian Faience: Technology and Production.\u201d In<\/span> Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History<\/span><\/i>. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.<\/span> https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/toah\/hd\/egfc\/hd_egfc.htm<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Rosicrucian Egyptian Museum. \u201cThoth.\u201d Deities in Ancient Egypt, 2021. https:\/\/egyptianmuseum.org\/deities-thoth<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      For a 3D model made by the Virtual Curation Lab at Virginia Commonwealth University, see https:\/\/skfb.ly\/ors6C AWG0000.01.01 (R6035) Egyptian, Late period (727-525 BCE) Material: Faience Technique: Self-glazing \u201cefflorescence method\u201d Weight: 4g Dimensions: 2.5cm long, 1cm wide, 1.1cm high Condition: Poor condition – head broken off at the base of the neck and ostrich feather Provenance: […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5468,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"full-width-page-template.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-467","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/create.richmond.edu\/urancient\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/467","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/create.richmond.edu\/urancient\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/create.richmond.edu\/urancient\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/create.richmond.edu\/urancient\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5468"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/create.richmond.edu\/urancient\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=467"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/create.richmond.edu\/urancient\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/467\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":699,"href":"https:\/\/create.richmond.edu\/urancient\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/467\/revisions\/699"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/create.richmond.edu\/urancient\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=467"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}